The race toward sixth-generation (6G) mobile networks has taken a major step forward. A team of scientists from Peking University and the City University of Hong Kong has introduced the world’s first “all-frequency” 6G chip. This cutting-edge technology has been tested at speeds surpassing 100 gigabits per second (Gbps), dramatically outpacing the fastest theoretical limits of 5G networks.
Unlike existing systems, which depend on multiple radio modules, this revolutionary chip integrates the entire frequency spectrum into a single, miniature device. Experts believe it could transform mobile connectivity, enabling a future of ultra-fast, ultra-reliable, and AI-driven communication.
The Chip’s Compact Design
One of the most remarkable aspects of the breakthrough is its size. Measuring only 11 millimeters by 1.7 millimeters smaller than a human thumbnail the chip condenses what usually requires nine different radio systems.
It achieves this by covering frequencies from 0.5 GHz to 115 GHz, spanning standard microwave bands, millimeter waves, and terahertz frequencies. This broad coverage is essential for 6G, which must balance long-range signals at lower frequencies with blistering speeds at the high end of the spectrum.
Summary Table
Feature |
Details |
|---|---|
Developers |
Peking University & City University of Hong Kong |
Chip Size |
11 mm × 1.7 mm (smaller than a thumbnail) |
Frequency Coverage |
0.5 GHz – 115 GHz (microwave to terahertz) |
Maximum Speed |
Exceeds 100 Gbps |
Key Material |
Thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) |
Technology Used |
Electro-optic modulators + optoelectronic oscillators |
Switching Speed |
180 microseconds |
Unique Feature |
“All-frequency” design replacing nine separate radio systems |
Commercial Launch |
Expected around 2030 |
Official Source |
Core Innovation: Light Meets Wireless
The new chip is built using thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN), a material well-suited for high-speed optical processing. Its operation combines both photonics and electronics in a way no existing mobile chip has achieved.
Here’s how it works:
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Electro-optic modulators first convert incoming wireless signals into optical signals.
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These optical signals pass through optoelectronic oscillators, where light and electricity interact to generate precise, stable radio frequencies.
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The result is clean, ultra-broadband signals that span the full 6G spectrum.
This hybrid approach allows the chip to handle huge amounts of data while maintaining stability, speed, and energy efficiency.
Unprecedented Performance
Laboratory testing shows the chip can reach over 100 Gbps ten times faster than the maximum theoretical throughput of 5G. In practical terms, that speed could download an entire high-definition movie in less than a second.
Other performance highlights include:
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Rapid Frequency Switching: The chip can adjust its frequency in just 180 microseconds, making it highly responsive to real-time conditions.
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Interference Avoidance: Built-in “frequency navigation” enables the chip to detect crowded bands and shift instantly to clearer channels.
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Universal Coverage: Its broad frequency range means one chip can handle multiple scenarios, from long-distance rural connections to ultra-fast urban streaming.
Why This Matters for 6G
The global push for 6G is not simply about faster downloads. It is about creating networks that are AI-native, full-spectrum, and context-aware. The integration of light and radio technology in this chip lays the groundwork for such systems.
Potential applications include:
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Immersive Virtual and Augmented Reality with near-zero lag
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Smart cities powered by billions of interconnected devices
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Telemedicine with seamless, high-resolution remote surgery
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Autonomous vehicles communicating in real time
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Industrial automation requiring split-second control
By consolidating multiple radio systems into a single platform, the chip makes it possible to design smaller, more efficient devices that can adapt instantly to varying environments.
When Will 6G Arrive?
Despite this milestone, experts caution that the technology remains in the prototype stage. The chip has been validated in laboratory conditions but still needs testing in real-world networks. Large-scale deployment also requires compatible infrastructure, global spectrum agreements, and devices capable of supporting these speeds.
Most industry analysts agree that commercial 6G networks will not roll out before 2030, although research such as this indicates that progress is well underway.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Who developed this 6G chip?
A. It was created by a team of researchers at Peking University in collaboration with the City University of Hong Kong.
2. Why is it called “all-frequency”?
A. Because it operates across the full spectrum from 0.5 GHz to 115 GHz, covering microwaves, millimeter waves, and terahertz frequencies all with one chip.
3. How fast is it?
A. Tests show the chip can exceed 100 Gbps, about ten times faster than 5G’s theoretical peak.
4. What makes this chip innovative?
A. It uniquely integrates photonics and electronics using thin-film lithium niobate, allowing stable signal generation across all bands within a tiny footprint.
5. Can it switch frequencies quickly?
A. Yes, the chip adjusts in just 180 microseconds, far faster than existing technologies.
6. Is it ready for consumers?
A. Not yet. It remains a laboratory prototype. Global rollout of 6G networks is anticipated around 2030.
7. What real-world benefits could it bring?
A. Future uses include immersive VR, smart city infrastructure, high-precision remote surgery, autonomous transport, and massive IoT networks.
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